ØA presence of signs and symptoms of viral hepatitis
(fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea and abdominal pain followed by jaundice),
and/or an increase in the level of aminotransferase twice the upper limit and
serological evidence of HAV infection.
ØInfectious Agent: HAV (Hepatitis
A virus)
Reservoir/Host: Man; rarely in
captive chimpanzees
ØMode of Transmission: Person to
person by the fecal oral-route
Incubation period: 15-50 days
depending on dose average 28-30 days
Methods of
Control:
lHealth
Education
Proper water treatment
Minimize the possibility of fecal-oral transmission in
institutions
Avoid shellfish from known contaminated
sources
Vaccine not yet available for
general use.
LEPTOSPIROSIS
Øsudden onset of fever, headache, muscle pain especially
the calf muscles, and prostration associated with any of the ff. symptoms:
conjunctival suffusion, meningeal irritation, anuria/ oliguria/
and or proteinuria, jaundice, hemorrhages (from intestines or lungs), cardiac
arrhythmia or failure, skin rash
And history
of exposure to infected animals or an environment contaminated with animal urine
(e.g. wading in flood waters)
Reservoir/Host: Wild and
domestic animals (rodents (rats), swine (pig), cattle & other wild
animals)
Mode of
Transmission:
lContact of skin, esp. if
abraded, or of mucous membrane with water, moist soil or vegetation contaminated
with urine of infected animal – as in swimming, accidental immersion or
occupational abrasion.
Direct contact with urine or
tissue of infected animals.
lOccasionally thru ingestion of
food contaminated with urine of infected
rats.
Occasionally by inhalation of
droplets aerosols of contaminated fluids.
Incubation period:
Usually 10 days, with range of 4-19
days
ØPrevention:
lAvoid swimming or wading in
water potentially contaminated by urine of infected
animals.
Use protective boots, gloves and
clothing when exposed to possible infection.
Maintain personal and food
hygiene.
lMaintain a clean and rodent free
environment.
Conduct a massive health education campaign. Explain
the importance of sanitation in the prevention of leptospirosis.