ØFever of at least 5 days duration, malaise, constipation
or diarrhea, abdominal discomfort with Salmonella typhi grown from
blood or stool or rectal swab culture.
ØInfectious Agent: Salmonella typhi
Reservoir/Host: Man
Mode of
Transmission: Fecal oral route
Incubation
period: 5 days to 30 days usual range is 10-14 days
Common
sources of infection:
Drinking water
Food contaminated during or
after preparation
Prevention:
•hygienic practices recommended
vaccination impractical
CHOLERA
Acute watery diarrhea where Vibrio cholerae is
grown from the stool or rectal swab culture.
ØInfectious Agent: Vibrio
cholerae serogroup 01
ØReservoir/Host: Human
Mode of Transmission: Ingestion
of food or water contaminated directly or indirectly with feces or vomitus of
infected persons.
ØIncubation period: From a few hours
to 5 days, usually 2-3 days
ØPrevention:
•Educate the public regarding the importance of
handwashing.
Dispose of human feces in a
sanitary manner and maintain fly-proof latrines.
Protect, purify and chlorinate
public water supplies, provide safe private supplies and avoid possible back
flow connections between water and sewer systems.
Control flies by screening,
spraying with insecticides and use of insecticidal baits and traps.
lProper disposal of feces and
vomitus.
Disinfection of linens and
articles used by the
patients.
Surveillance of contacts for 5
days from last
exposure.
Chemoprophylaxis of
household members with tetracycline for 5
days.
Investigation of contacts and
source of
infection.
Fluid therapy with volumes of
electrolyte solution to correct
dehydration.